1.1. Objectives
Tricks in Set Induction aims to:
i. Arouse the pupils interest
ii. Make the lesson more lively
iii. Stimulate pupils’ curiosity
iv. Provide pupils with opportunities to develop science process skills and thinking skills
v. Provide pupils with basic science knowledge and concepts
vi. Appreciate the contributions of science and technology towards the well being of mankind.
Tricks in Science stimulate and excites children’s curiosity about phenomena and events in the world around them. It also satisfy their curiosity. Good teaching in primary science involves understanding the children’s idea on the topic and enable teachers to plan work that challenge and reconstruct the children’s idea. Tricks in science allow pupils to think ahead and create the excitement of learning a new lesson.
Teacher carries out set induction which attracts pupils’ attention / stimulates pupils’ mind / is directed towards pupils’ mental readiness
1.2. Method
Tricks in Set Induction can be carried out as below:
i. Demonstrations
ii. Hands-on activities
iii. Discussions
Teacher’s Demonstration
A demonstration may be used as part of a teacher’s exposition. This is often easily controlled with the children sitting, listening, watching and participating. Teacher’s demonstration to the whole class should be used where appropriate. Teacher should consider the following when demonstrating the idea:
· Ensure that all children can see what you are doing. Try to demonstrate with large piece of equipment.
· Make the demonstration short and snappy.
· Involve the children with demonstration.
· Reinforce the main points by asking following up questions.
1.3. Activity
”The Curious Comb”
| Topic Related: Electricity Objective: To introduce electricity Materials needed: Comb, a piece of paper, woollen cloth | Steps: 1. Tear / cut a piece of paper into small pieces.
Note: Electrostatic is a kind of electricity which is static (Doesn’t flow) | Questions Asked: What can you observe? (The papers are attracted by the comb because rubbing the comb on a woollen cloth charges it with static electricity.) |
”Shadow O Shadow”
| Topic Related: Light Objective: To demonstrate how a shadow is formed and to create some shadow picture using this information Materials needed: Torch light or desk lamp, a darkened room, a white wall or screen | Steps: 1. Select one pupil to shine a torch on the white wall / screen. 2. Ask other pupils to move their hands up and down in the light making the shadow on the wall / screen. 3. Move the hands backward and forwards to see the sizes of the shapes. | Questions Asked: What can you see on the wall / screen? What is the colour of the shadow? |
“The Falling Cup”
| Topic Related: Heat Objective: Understanding the effects of heat on matter. Materials needed: balloon rubber band candle polystyrene cup lighter | Steps:
 | Questions Asked: Predict what will happen to the cup? (The heat from the candle flame warms the cold air in the cup causing it to expand, pushing the cup up to fall down.) |
”Rolling Can”
| Topic Related: Energy Objective: To understand that energy can be transformed from one form to another. Materials needed: Empty tin can, Rubber band, Paper clip, Ice cream sticks. | Steps:
(The length of the ice-cream stick is longer than the diameter of the tin.)
5. Let go the tin on the floor. 6. Observe.  | Questions Asked: What can you observe? How to make the can move faster or slower? Notes: The energy produce by twisting the ice cream stick and the rubber band is potential energy. It changes to kinetic energy when the can moves. |
“Ice Cube Necklace”
| Topic Related: States of Matter Objective: Understand water in the form of solid, liquid and gas Materials needed: Ice cubes Thread Glass A bottle of salt | Steps: Ice Cube NecklaceThis trick will keep you amused. All you need is a piece of string, some ice cubes in water and a sprinkle of salt.
| Informations: What's going on?Salt and other solutes (substances that dissolve) reduce the freezing point because they disrupt the crystal structure of ice and reduce the concentration of pure water. At 0°C, the molecules in pure water form very strong bonds with each other which "locks" them into position to form the solid we call ice. If foreign molecules such as sodium and chlorine (the ingredients in common table salt) squeeze between water molecules, these bonds can't form. Any reduction in the concentration of pure water depresses the freezing point. So the higher the salt concentration, the lower the freezing point. When you sprinkle salt onto an ice cube, the local salt concentration skyrockets and the freezing point comes tumbling down. But the melting water flows off the cube and flushes some of the salt away which reduces the local concentration on top. The lower salt concentration raises the freezing point again so the water refreezes. As it does, it traps the string and you've caught yourself an ice cube! |
“Blooming Balloons”
| Topic Related: States of Matter Objective: To show that it is possible to stick a pin in balloon without bursting it Materials needed: balloon, adhesive tape,skewer / long wire / satay stick and scissors | Steps: 1. Ask a pupil to inflate a balloon, tell him / her not to blow too hard. 2. Stick a piece of adhesive tape on the balloon. 3. Take a skewer ( long iron rod with sharp end ) and very carefully push it into the balloon through the tape. ( You may also used other suitable object to replace skewer such as long wire or satay stick ). The length of the skewer must be longer than the size of the inflated balloon. 4. Observe what happen to the balloon. | Questions Asked: 1.What did you observe? Pupils will observe the pin will go through the tape and the balloon, without bursting it. |
Reference:
Balloon Shish KebabThis is a classic trick everyone should know. All you need is a shish kebab skewer and a balloon, and a bit of confidence that it will work!(Note: this trick always works with high quality balloons but beware cheap ones!)
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What's going on?The tension in the rubber of an inflated balloon causes even the tiniest tear to grow very fast. As soon as a tear appears, the tear races around the balloon and it pops with a loud bang. But in the dark spots at the top and bottom of a balloon there is no tension, so a tiny tear won't grow here and the balloon won't pop. Balloons are made by dipping metal moulds into liquid latex. The dark spot at the top is a result of this process. There's a great photo of a balloon production line at the website below. Photo of balloon production line http://merlin.alfred.edu/muller/FormerPhysWorld/PhysWorld/ Project5/how_are_balloons_made.htm High speed photo of a water balloon popping http://courses.ncssm.edu/hsi/pacsci/student_photos.html |
“Rain Drops”
| Topic Related: States of Matter Objective: Understanding that matter can change from one state to another. Materials needed: ice cubes jar hot water tray | Steps:
| Questions Asked: What do you observe? ( The pupils see the condensation build on the bottom of the tray.) |
“Wonder of Purple Cabbage”
| Topic Related: Acid and Alkali Objective: Understanding the properties of acidic, alkaline and neutral substances Materials needed: ½ of red cabbage 2 beakers Baking soda Blender / grater | Steps:
| Questions Asked: What is the change in the colour of the mixture? ( The baking soda will turn the red cabbage juice to blue because this is an alkaline.) |
”The Moonlighting”
| Topic Related: The Earth, The Moon and The Sun Objective: Understanding the phases of the Moon. Materials needed: 2 rounded shape with equal size (black and white), Railing made of polystyrene | Steps: 1. Prepare 2 identical round shaped mounting boards. (with black and white colours) 2. Paste an ice – cream stick on each mounting boards. 3. Make two rails on the polystyrene. 4. Place both mounting board on the centre of the railing. 5. Slides both rounded shape in opposite direction. 6. Ask pupils to observe the shape formed.
| Questions Asked: What did you observe? Did you see the changes of the shape? |
”Standing Toothpicks”
| Topic Related: Strength and Stability Objective: Understanding the stability of a structure. Materials needed: Toothpicks | Steps: 1. Ask pupils to build a model of any animal using materials given. 2.Put the models on the table. 3.Shake the table. 4.Observe what happen. 5. Identify which model falls first, second and third. 6.The winner will be the model which is the last to fall. 7.After that, relate the result with the topic of the lesson.
| Questions Asked: Can your model stand ? What can you observe? Which model fall first? |
”Starry – starry Night”
| Topic Related: Constellations Objective: Understanding the constellation. Materials needed: Polystyrene Pins Rubber bands / strings | Steps: 1. Prepare a piece of polystyrene with pins on it (as shown in the example). 2. Ask the pupils to form a certain shape using a rubber band. 3. Pupils explain the shape that they made.
| Questions Asked: What can you see? How many pins are there within the shape? ( The number of pins representing a group of stars that form a constellation ) | ||||||||||||
“Enchanted Egg”
| Topic Related: This activity is recommended to be carried out as an activity during Science Week or Science Fair. Materials needed: conical flask, boiled egg, match, a piece of paper | Steps:
| Questions Asked: Can the egg get into the bottle? ( No ) Now, can the egg get into the bottle? ( Yes ) Inference : (When the burning paper uses up the oxygen and goes out, the air pressure decrease, sucking the egg into the flask) |
”The Magic Lime”
| Topic Related: This activity is recommended to be carried out as an activity during Science Week or Science Fair. Materials needed: Wires, bulb, iron rod, Beakers, lime juice and tap water | Steps:
Note: Add some vinegar if the lime is not acidic enough. | Questions Asked: Can you think of something that use electricity? What are the things in the classroom which produce electricity? What will happen to the bulb? What will happen if there is no electricity? |
4.Related Websites / Resources
1.4.1. Books/ References
· 250 Everyday Science Activities
Collected from Teaching K-8 Magazine (Written by Dennis Mckee)
· Teaching Children About Physical Science
( by Elaine Levenson)
· Top Secret Science
· Science Fun (Bright Ideas)
Pubished by Scholastic Publications Ltd. (Written by Tony Griffith)
· Primary Science
Teaching Theory and Practice (John Sharp, Graham Peacock, Rob Johnsey, Shirley Simon, Robin Smith)
Websites
COMMON QUESTIONS ASKED
PLANNING INVESTIGATIONS
What are we trying to find out?
What do we want to change?
What do we want to keep the same?
What do we think will happen?
What do we want to measure?
How do we record our measurements?
What equipment do we need to do this experiment?
Materials from the Internet
Amazing Science Tricks
Using common objects around the house, you can demonstrate cool scientific laws. Here’s how:Editor’s Note: Make sure an adult helps you with these experiments.
Keeping Water Separate
Fill two identical glasses with water. Add two tablespoons of salt to the water in one glass and stir well. Add a few drops of food coloring to the water in the other glass.
Cover the glass containing the colored water with a sheet of paper, turn it upside down and place it on top of the glass containing salt water. (Be sure to do this trick over a saucer or bowl.)
Gently pull the paper out from between the glasses. The colored water and the salt water will remain separate.
How Does It Work?
Salt water is heavier than colored water, so the two stay separate as long as the boundary between them isn’t disturbed. Try turning the two glasses over, though. The heavier salt water will now be on top, so it will flow down and mix with the colored water.
A Can That Can “Walk”
Place an empty aluminum can on its side on the floor. Blow up a balloon and tie a knot in the end. Rub a tissue back and forth on the balloon.
When you put the balloon near the can, the can will start rolling toward the balloon.
How Does It Work?
When you rub the balloon with a tissue, the balloon gets a negative electric charge of several thousand volts. When you put the balloon near the can, electrostatic induction affects the molecules in the metal. The outside of the can gets a positive charge, so it is drawn toward the balloon and starts rolling in that direction.
A Candle That Sucks Water
Place a candle upright in the middle of a saucer. Fill the saucer with water. Light the candle. Place a glass over the candle. When the flame goes out, the water in the saucer will get sucked into the glass.
How Does It Work?
When the candle is burning inside the glass, the heat makes the air expand, so some of the air escapes outside the glass. The candle goes out after it uses up all the oxygen, so the air inside the glass cools. As it cools, the pressure inside the glass drops. Some of the carbon dioxide formed by the flame dissolves in the water as well, decreasing the pressure even more. The water outside the glass on the saucer is forced into the glass by the higher aire pressure outside.
A Flying Trash Bag
Hold the mouth of a black trash bag in one hand. Use a hair dryer to blow hot air into the bag.
Seal the mouth of the bag with tape. Tie a long piece of string around the tape so you can hold it. Take the bag out into the sun. The bag will rise slowly into the air. (It’s best to do this trick in an open area on a windless day.)
How Does It Work?
Since the bag is black, it absorbs heat from the sun. That heat makes the air inside the bag expand and become lighter. When the bag and the air inside are lighter than the surrounding air, the bag starts to rise.
Bending Light Through Water
Punch a hole in a clear plastic bottle two inches from the bottom. Put your finger over the hole, fill the bottle with water and cap it to keep it from draining out.
Darken the room and cover part of a flashlight with your fingers to make the beam narrower. When you take the cap off the bottle, the water will flow out in an arc. Shine the flashlight at the stream from the side of the bottle opposite the hole. The light will bend with the arc and create a bright glow where the water hits the sink.
How Does It Work?
When the light in the stream strikes the boundary between the water and air, much of the light is reflected back into the stream. The light continues this internal reflection all along the arc formed by the falling water. The same principle is used to transmit light signals through flexible optical fibers.
With a black felt-tip pen, write a three-letter word in large letters on a white piece of paper. Place the paper in a brown envelope, and insert that envelope into a white envelope. The writing on the paper should now be impossible to read.
Get a piece of dark construction paper or tear out a page from a magazine that is printed on both sides. Roll up the paper into a four-inch-long tube. When you hold the tube against the envelope, you’ll be able to read the writing inside.
How Does It Work?
Usually you can’t read the writing inside an envelope because of the light reflected off the envelope’s white surface. But the tube blocks that reflected light, so you see only the light coming through the envelope.
Egg Into Bottle
Find a glass bottle that has a mouth slightly smaller in diameter than an egg. Pour some hot water into the bottle (be careful!), shake it vigorously and empty the water.
Peel a soft-boiled egg and place it on the mouth of the bottle. Leave it there for a while and it will get sucked inside.
How Does It Work?
The vapor from the hot water drives the air out of the bottle. Once the egg seals the top of the bottle, the air can’t get back in. As the water vapor cools, it turns back into water, causing the pressure inside the bottle to drop. The higher pressure of the outside air pushes the egg into the bottle.
Toothpick Torpedo
Dab a little shampoo on the blunt end of a wooden toothpick.
Drop the toothpick in a pan of water. The toothpick will start moving in the direction of the sharp end.
How Does It Work?
Shampoo contains agents that reduce the surface tension of liquids. As the shampoo on the end of the toothpick dissolves, it reduces the water’s surface tension around it, thus releasing the water’s hold on that end of the toothpick. The water around the other end of the toothpick still has surface tension, so it pulls the toothpick in that direction.
To learn more amazing science tricks, check out the book “Amazing Science Tricks” by Michio Goto
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